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Mechanical properties like hardness, wear resistant, tensile strength are very important for cutting tool.

Cryogenic treatment of metal parts means cooling these parts at a predetermined rate, up to a given Cryogenic temperature (-80?C), maintaining these parts at that lowest temperature for a given duration of time and then allowing these parts to warm-up at a given warming-up rate to room temperature.

The duration for which the specimen are maintained at the lowest temperature.

a. Cryogenic treatment was effective for intemperate and adequate tempered tool.

A decrease in tool life within 5-7 days after treatment and increases again with repeated treatment.

The temperature of the specimen is measured using temperature sensors.

The specimen to be treated was placed in a clean and dry thermocol box. The temperature of the specimen along with the ethanol and dry ice was noted.

The purpose of using dry ice and ethanol is to bring down the temperature below 0?C. Dry ice has a temperature of -30?C to -40 ?C and ethanol has freezing temperature of -110?C. Thermocol box is used to retain the temperature during treatment.

A comparative study is made between cryogenically treated specimen and non-cryogenically treated specimen to know about the significant change of the mechanical properties of cryogenically treated materials like wear resistance, hardness and impact strength.

3.1 Wear Test and Frictional Force:

For comparative study a non-cryogenically treated HSS tool (M42) was tested for wear resistance and frictional force.

Tool track radius: 20mm

When the horizontal grinding wheel rotates at a selected speed the pressing tool face continuously wears with time.

a. Wear Resistance:

From the above experiment it was observed that the Cryo-treated tool has developed higher wear resistance property.

The frictional force between the tool and rotating grinding wheel reduced after Cryogenic treatment by around 30%, as shown in graph (2). Hardness Test:

(2003) conducted hardness and impact test on a Cryogenically treated HSS tool to know about its variation in hardness and impact strength. Results for both cryogenically treated and non-treated specimen were tabulated.

It is observed that there is an improvement in the hardness of Cryogenically treated M2 HSS specimen by 18.6% in comparison with non-cryogenically treated specimen.

Izod impact testing machine was used to know about the impact strength of a Cryogenically treated HSS (M2 grade) tool in comparison with non-cryogenically treated HSS tool of same grade.

With the increase of wear resistance in a Cryogenically treated HSS tool, tool wear decreases and hence increasing its life and efficiency.

With decrease in frictional force in case of Cryogenically treated HSS tool, there is less heat generation at tool chip interface and hence there is an increase in cutting efficiency and reduction in machining time and machining cost.

So treating a HSS tool Cryogenically improves its mechanical properties like wear resistance and hardness and hence increases its productivity at the cost of manufacturing cost.

“Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of HSS”. “Performance characteristics of cryogenically treated high speed steel drill” S. Chatterjee (1991)

Zhmud, E. S., 1980,”Improved tool life after shock cooling”. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, October 701-703.

Variation of Mechanical Properties of a Cryogenically Treated Cutting Tool (High Speed Steel)

Use a bent sheet metal technology, which is more time consuming to engineer and therefore more expensive in the developing stage or use metal tubing for a less expensive and quicker design but with higher manufacturing cost of the final product. Avoiding welding can significantly reduce the cost of the product.

Welding extensive designs

Avoiding welding – cost benefits

This contributes to higher cost of production. Big, welded items require larger painting chambers which is another factor that increases the production cost. Products that are assembled using many small parts

Expensive finishing processes, such as wet painting.

The main advantages of dry powder electrostatic painting process over wet painting:- Mechanical strength and scratch resistance.- Shorter process time – about 4 hours for the complete cycle. Shortening the assembly time

Advanced designs tend to utilize the advantages of sheet metal formings (achieved by punching machines) in joining parts, versus bending, welding and inserting screws, which are relatively lengthy hand operations.

The conditions and the requirements to achieve cost reduction process:

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